SOPHIA PATHWAYS Introduction to Psychology Smarter Decisions Through Psychology: The Brain and Human Development
Discipline: Business Studies
Type of Paper: Question-Answer
Academic Level: Undergrad. (yrs 1-2)
Paper Format: APA
Question
Biological readiness occurs when __________.
RATIONALE
This maturity includes large muscle skills, fine motor skills, and balance. Biological readiness refers to physical and bodily maturity.
A classical conditioning study examined dog behavior by pairing two
stimuli: the ringing of a bell and the presence of meat powder. By
following the ringing of the bell with food multiple times, a salivation
response was produced by just the ringing. This response lasted through
several cycles of not pairing the two stimuli, then ended.
Which of the following indicates the process of stopping a response when two stimuli are no longer paired?
RATIONALE
If there is no longer a reinforcement, the behavior will gradually diminish and eventually go away.
Psychologists have long debated whether people are influenced more by
internal, biological factors or external factors which they experience
over the course of their lives.
This debate about developmental influences is referred to as which of the following?
RATIONALE
Nature versus nurture is a well-known phrase that describes the debate about whether biological, inheritable characteristics or environmental influences are more important.
The synapse is __________.
RATIONALE
The synapse is the space between the axon terminal button and the dendrite of the neighboring neuron.
A consequence that is received by a subject as a result of a behavior, and which increases the likelihood of him or her repeating that behavior, is called which of the following?
RATIONALE
The key word here is received. This would indicate a positive consequence. Any consequence that makes a behavior reoccur is a reinforcement.
Every time Sophie, a dog, sees a squirrel outside, she responds by barking.
Sophie seeing a squirrel is a(n) __________.
RATIONALE
An antecedent happens first in an event.
Which psychologist advanced the stages of cognitive development?
RATIONALE
Piaget was the scientist who initially studied how we think and learn. He believed there were distinct stages to this development, not a continuous line of learning.
The occipital lobe controls __________.
RATIONALE
The occipital lobes interpret electrical signals sent from the eyes to let you know what you are seeing.
Four-year-old Sally is learning to dress herself. When she began her
attempts, her father would tell her, “Good job,” after each step was
completed. Now that Sally has been practicing for a while, her father
tells her, “Good job,” when she is completely dressed.
The
sequencing of the steps involved in dressing into one complete
activity, with a reinforcer after the final step, is which of the
following?
RATIONALE
In response chaining, we learn to complete each step in sequence to complete the entire task. Once a step is easily accomplished, it is reinforced only when combined with the next step, and on and on until the entire task is considered one unit.
Which of the following statements best describes the pituitary gland?
RATIONALE
The pituitary gland controls growth, a full-body, very complicated process. As such, the pituitary gland takes charge of the other glands, indicating when they should activate or cease operations.
The automatic reaction to stimuli is called __________.
RATIONALE
The reflex arc is controlled by your spinal cord, allowing it to return the stimulus response faster than if it had to go all the way to the brain and return.
At certain times during their development, people have an increased
sense of awareness and understanding of stimuli in the environment,
making learning easier.
These times are called which of the following?
RATIONALE
These sensitive periods come when physical and mental and emotional growth allows for understanding what the environment is asking of us.
As people learn and experience new things, their brains tend to change in order to accommodate this learning.
What is this called?
RATIONALE
Neurons are reinforced or eliminated, depending upon the uses they are put to; in this way, our brains are plastic and changeable.